Showing posts with label elephant behaviour. Show all posts
Showing posts with label elephant behaviour. Show all posts

Saturday, 8 September 2012

Elephant No. 342: Clothes Pegs




I bought a set of six clothes pegs a few days ago, thinking I might use them for my stacked wooden boxes elephant. Then I realized that I could paint them instead.

Wooden clothes pegs were created by Jérémie Victor Opdebec in the early nineteenth century. His early design had no springs, as a clothespin does. Instead, it featured two wooden prongs that were close enough to grip clothing on a clothesline. In England, the production of clothes pegs later became associated with gypsies, who fashioned them from small lengths of wood such as ash or willow.

By 1853, a new design had emerged. Invented by David Smith of Vermont, U.S.A., these new "clothespins" were formed of two pieces of wood, held together with a spring. By pinching the two ends of wood together, the clothespin could be opened. From that time to this, the designs for both clothes pegs and clothespins have remained virtually unchanged. 

Clothespins have also found their way into spheres well beyond the laundry room. Artist Claes Oldenburg, for one, created a large clothespin sculpture, which is located in Philadelphia across from City Hall. There is also a 1.5-metre (5-foot) clothespin-shaped grave marker in the Middlesex, Vermont cemetery, marking the resting place of David Smith.


Clothes pin by Claes Oldenburg, 1976, located in front of
City Hall, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Photo: Spike Brennan, 2007
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:City_hall_and_
clothespin.JPG



Clothespins are also commonly used on film sets. Used to attach gel filters to the "barn doors" of hot lights, clothespins are valued for their inability to conduct heat, making them safe to touch—unlike the lights. Given nicknames such as "C47", "47", "bullet", "ammo" or "peg", they are often carried in rows on crew members' belts, making them look a little like cartridge belts. The wooden pieces are also sometimes removed and reversed, resulting in a "C74".


A "C74" on the left and a "C47" on the right. The "C74" is simply a reversed
version of a standard wooden clothespin. The C47 is generally used to attach gel
filters to movie lights, and the C74 is used to remove scrims.
Source: http://freshcoldproduce.tumblr.com/post/22956595875/film-
making-tips-and-tricks-use-the-c47-to-clip


The name "C47" was actually coined in 1984 on a shoot in Ohio. Monte Sanborn and Chuck Dutrow came up with the name to give the client confidence in the professionalism of the production company, since "C47" sounded better than "clothespin". The C was for "Chuck", and 47 was Monte's lucky number.

Because of their shape, one-piece clothes pegs are often used in the production of stringed instruments such as guitars and mandolins, to glue on kerfing.

Clothes pegs are often also painted as a form of folk art or craft. 


Painted clothes pegs with pom-poms by Anjie, 2012.
Source: http://pompomemporium.com/blog


For today's elephant, I had six clothes pegs. I started by painting them all a uniform grey with acrylic paint. It took nearly 90 minutes to paint these, which I thought was a bit much.




At this point, I wasn't quite sure how to proceed. The general shape of a clothes peg doesn't really correspond to an elephant's shape. The peg is long and skinny, with a tiny round top, and no ears.

Eventually, I thought I had a basic design figured out, so I painted black outlines on each of the six pegs, using a thinned grey-black. This also took an inordinate amount of time. I made an executive decision to complete only two of these today.




Next, I painted some pink in the ears, at the tip of the trunk, and on the toenails.




They were now ready to be dressed. I thought they might look interesting with some fancy clothes and a bit of gold, so that's the route I took.






In the end, I was happy with the way these turned out, but painting six of them would have taken me more time than I wanted to spend today. The hardest part was sketching the elephant outlines onto each of the grey clothes pegs. Adding the bits of pink took very little time, and adding clothes took less time than painting the original outlines. It was also more fun.






I'm not sure what purpose these will serve in my household. Maybe I'll use them to clip papers together or something. They are kind of cute in real life, however, and at some point I'll definitely paint clothes on the other four.






Elephant Lore of the Day
Although elephants face significant danger in some parts of Africa, sometimes they luck out. That doesn't mean, however, that they've forgotten.

Lominyek—whose name means "the lucky one" in Kenya's Samburu dialect—came to the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust in July 1996 with a bullet hole in his leg. The hole had been caused by a ricochet from one of the many bullets that had killed his mother.

Lominyek was a victim of tribal violence in northern Kenya, where the Samburu people are locked in constant combat with Somali bandits. As a result, Lominyek had grown up in an area in which all humans are seen as the enemy.

When he arrived at the shelter, it was discovered that the bullet was still lodged in his leg, so he was sedated and the bullet was removed. As soon as he came around, however, the first thing he wanted to do was kill any human in sight. He launched himself at one of the keepers, who was watching over Lominyek during his recovery. The keeper managed to leap over the partition into an adjoining stable just in time. After several attempts to break down the door, Lominyek eventually calmed down.

The next morning, staff let two younger orphans into Lominyek's stable. They rumbled their greetings, and were eager to show him the ropes. By sunrise the next day, the three were fast friends. When they emerged from the stable and Lominyek found himself once again among humans, however, he trumpeted wildly and charged off into the bush—with his two new friends in tow, and keepers bringing up the rear.

Several hours later, much to Daphne Sheldrick's astonishment, Lominyek reappeared, escorted by the two younger elephants, with keepers following at a distance. Unfortunately, it was also the hour in the day when tourists are allowed into the shelter to watch the orphans' noon mudbath.

On this particular day, a large crowd had turned up, and staff were apprehensive. Would Lominyek panic again, and perhaps trample several visitors? It seemed, however, that Lominyek's new elephant companions had managed to let him know that there was nothing to fear from the humans now crowding around him. Taking his cue from the others, Lominyek hesitantly offered visitors the tip of his trunk. He withdrew his trunk as soon as anyone touched it, and his ears went up to signal his anxiety, but he remained calm and well behaved.

When Lominyek was released into Tsavo National Park five months later, he was thrilled to scent other elephants. As soon as he saw one of the older females, however, he ran up to her and began head-butting her in punishment. It is thought that Lominyek may have had a big sister who was similar in size, and that he was expressing his displeasure at the memory of his sister's abandonment when their mother was killed.

Lominyek's story has a happy ending however. Today, at the age of 17, he has become an established member of the wild Tsavo East elephant herd.



Lominyek with Daphne Sheldrick and one of the keepers, July 1996.
Source: http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/asp/orphan_profile.asp?N=31


To Support Elephant Welfare

Tuesday, 19 June 2012

Elephant No. 261: Huichol Clay Mask




A few days ago, someone mentioned Huichol art, and I remembered that I had a similar clay-resin figure from childhood. Mine is East Indian, and it has far fewer beads than Huichol art, but the idea is more or less the same. Not that I'd call today's elephant proper Huichol anything, but it's at least inspired by the technique.


My little Indian beaded clay elephant.


The Huichol are an indigenous people living in the mountains of north-central Mexico. Numbering about 50,000 today, they are perhaps best known for their colourful works of art. The most iconic and commercially successful forms of Huichol art are yarn "paintings" and three-dimensional objects decorated with seed beads.

The beads are embedded into forms coated with a mixture of wax and resin. The beads are tightly packed across the surface, forming highly colourful and often abstract patterns. Although glass and plastic beads are commonly used today, long before the advent of western beads, the Huichol were producing similar works using beads made of bone, stone, coral, clay, jade, seeds, pyrite, clay and turquoise.


Huichol jaguar head, covered in seed beads.
Source: http://pattihaskins.wordpress.com/category/mexican-folk-art/


The traditional patterns featured in Huichol art have been used for centuries. Originally intended to represent and communicate with the gods, Huichol designs have evolved in response to the availability of modern materials, becoming more elaborate, more colourful, and less traditional. Huichol art has also become more commercial, produced less for religious purposes than as a source of income.
 
Modern Huichol beaded items are often inspired by yarn paintings. Yarn paintings depicting visions and other spiritual experiences were the first form of Huichol art to come to the attention of galleries. As artists began experimenting with materials, there was renewed interest in the use of beads, albeit with brighter colours. Today, beads are commonly used instead of yarn by many Huichol artisans, although the beaded patterns often mimic lines of yarn.  


Modern Huichol yarn painting.
Source: http://people.tribe.net/gael


One of the most interesting forms of Huichol art is the kuka: a three-dimensional ceremonial mask covered in beads. These masks evolved from small gourd bowls, which were covered in traditional materials such seeds, bone, shell, clay and coral—since replaced with commercial beads. The modern practice of covering wooden forms such as dolls, animals and jaguar heads with beads derives from the kuka.

Although much Huichol art is produced for the tourist market, many items are still produced for ceremonial use, and as fine art. In recent years, there have been several international exhibitions of Huichol art, as well as large-scale bead murals and other commissions for buildings around the world.


The "Vochol": Huichol art on wheels, Museo de Arte Popular, Mexico, 2010.
This Volkswagen Beetle was decorated in the traditional way—covered in wax and
resin and decorated with individual seed beads—by a team of Huichol artisans.
Source: http://www.blogher.com/frame.php?url=http://www.brooklynstreetart.com/
theblog/?p=16817


For today's elephant, I used an air-dry clay that I got for a dollar. I chose this stuff because it was soft and pliable, and because it came in a nice, bright white.




I started by making an elephant head, as a bow to the masks that are common to Huichol art.




Once I was happy with the shape, I started sticking glass seed beads into it. The clay is a bit weird, in that it feels like a sticky, spongy vinyl. As long as it was damp, however, it accepted the beads reasonably well.




As the clay began to dry, it was less friendly to the beads. They began popping off if I squeezed even a little in one spot or other. Sometimes they refused to stick at all—except to my fingers. Then it occurred to me that, if I dampened it slightly, the clay sort of reactivated, and the beads stuck well.




To a certain extent, I think this would have been a bit easier if I'd had something as sticky as beeswax and resin blended together, but the air-dry clay was okay in the end.




I didn't have time to embed the entire shape with beads, but I was pretty happy with how far I got. I felt as though it would start to look weird if I added any more beads to this particular shape, so I stopped myself without filling every blank space. This took me about two hours, so that was kind of enough time to spend on it as well. I may varnish it at some point to make sure the beads stay put, but for now it's fine as is.




I was surprised at how pretty this was when I was finished. It has far more beads than my little Indian clay elephant, so I guess I didn't do too badly. It can't really claim to be proper Huichol work—since it isn't fully covered, and isn't a wooden form coated in beeswax and resin—but I'm quite happy with the final result, and may even try it again sometime. In fact, I may even try true Huichol art, when it isn't something I have to complete within a short space of time.





Elephant Lore of the Day
In the 1920s, elephant keeper Henry Sheak was working with a circus that had several elephants. Twice a day, he fed the herd a tasty mixture of bran and oats, in addition to their usual hay. The mixture was placed between each pair of elephants for them to share.

Tillie and Queenie, the two largest members of the herd, always stood together. Tillie was particularly good about dividing the pile of food exactly in half, pulling her share closer to herself as soon as it was divided. However, although Tillie divided the food fairly, as soon as Queenie looked the other way, Tillie was not above reaching over and snatching an extra trunkful of Queenie's food for herself, adding it quietly to her own pile.


Elephants at Prague Zoo, Czech Republic, 2011.
Photo: AFP/Michal Cizek
Source: http://aussie55.livejournal.com/881295.html
 
 
 
 
To Support Elephant Welfare
Elephant sanctuaries (this Wikipedia list allows you to click through to information
on a number of sanctuaries around the world)
Wildlife Trust of India

Sunday, 20 May 2012

Elephant No. 231: Garden Fairy




I have a good friend who dislikes certain forms of popular art so much that he insists he's going to buy up every example he finds, simply to destroy them and take them off the market. While I'm not quite as passionate about ugly things, I decided to take my inspiration from him today, and remake something into an elephant.

Repurposing existing art has a long and illustrious tradition. Artists throughout history have painted over their own canvases—as well as the canvases of others—to produce something they like better. People have scavenged Classical architecture to make new buildings. Obelisks, stone circles and menhirs have been broken up for reuse. When my husband and I were in England a few years ago, we were shown around a massive Roman site that had been virtually razed to the ground by nearby villagers in the Middle Ages. They had made off with almost every stone on the site to build their own houses, walls and barns.

I happened across this garden figurine about a week ago, and right away saw an elephant in it. Normally I would overlook this kind of object, but I happened to catch sight of it upside-down, and decided that it was crying out to be remade into an elephant.





Once I got it home, I could actually see two elephants in it: one in the arms and wings of the fairy; another in the legs and large flower.





It seemed to be made of a dense resin, so I decided it would be best to try to cut into it with a rotary tool. I used both a grinding wheel and a thin carving bit.





I started by cutting off the figurine's head and base.





Next, I cut the figurine in half, careful not to slice off anything I might need later.



  



This left me with the rough elephant shapes below.





After this, it was mostly a matter of carving and shaping to arrive at the final elephants. This was an incredibly messy process, with a great deal of fine powder. I was smart enough to do this outside, but I should definitely have worn a dust mask. 

The grinding blade was not the greatest for cutting, but it was great for shaping. The carving bit, however, was excellent for precision cuts, as long as I used it with an in-and-out motion like a reciprocating saw.

This is what they looked like when they were virtually finished.





While I was relatively happy with the shapes, I didn't like the way some of the underlying white resin was showing through. To smooth out the colouring a bit, I slathered on a blend of brown and black acrylic paint, then rubbed it off to give the final elephants a sort of antiqued driftwood look.

It took me about two hours to make both elephants, but it wasn't particularly difficult. The worst part was the nasty resin dust, but the carving and shaping was easy. 

Both of these only look good from one side, but I was pleased at how well they turned out. They're abstract to be sure, but I don't think it's a bad transformation for a two-dollar garden fairy.





Elephant Lore of the Day
Elephants, like primates, may be intelligent enough to practice deception.

Several years ago, animal researcher Maxine Morris noticed an unusual pattern of behaviour among Asian elephants at Washington Park Zoo in Indiana. At feeding time, each elephant received a large bundle of hay. Morris noticed, however, that some of the elephants gobbled their hay quickly, then sidled over to the slower-eating elephants.

Swinging their trunks innocently from side to side, the more gluttonous elephants would suddenly reach out and snatch a bunch of their companion's hay, eating it quickly before the theft could be detected. 

Opinion is divided on whether this is intentionally sneaky behaviour, or happy chance. Some researchers suggest that the elephants just got lucky, swinging their trunks around and accidentally snagging extra rations. The argument goes that the elephants simply kept repeating the behaviour on the off chance that some more hay might materialize at the ends of their trunks.

Whether or not the behaviour was intentional, elephants at other facilities sometimes suffered the consequences. While elephants are notoriously near-sighted and often didn't see the theft as it occurred, in some places, the victims became angry and aggressive towards the thief.

Interestingly, not all elephants appear to use the trunk-swinging ploy to steal hay. Some were quite deliberate, walking right up to another elephant and pulling away a bunch of hay. Sometimes the thefts were tolerated; other times, the thief was treated to raised ears, a trunk swatting, and disgruntled rumbling.


Tusko, an Asian elephant at the Oregon Zoo, enjoying some hay, 2009.
Photo: Brock Parker
Source: http://www.oregonzoo.org/gallery/category/elephants?type=All&items_
per_page=12&page=6


 
To Support Elephant Welfare
Elephant sanctuaries (this Wikipedia list allows you to click through to information
on a number of sanctuaries around the world)

Thursday, 19 April 2012

Elephant No. 200: Décalcomanie




There are a number of different versions of décalcomanie—also called "decalcomania"—but today I decided to try the Surrealist version.

In its original form, décalcomanie was a process involving the transfer of pre-printed material to pottery and other surfaces, such as railway cars, carriages, furniture and so forth. It was invented in England by French engraver Simon François Ravenet around 1750, and quickly caught on. As a transfer technique, its appeal lay largely in the fact that it obviated the need for laborious hand-painting. Its greatest use was in the production of pottery, and most decorated china today still involves a transfer process.

The word décalcomanie was coined from the French word décalquer: the name given by Ravenet to his process. In the United States, it was given the name "decalcomania", which was eventually shortened, of course, to "decal".

Interestingly, one of the more unusual words in the English language derives from "decalcomania". In the 1950s and early 1960s, King Features Syndicate sold a set of decalcomanias featuring images from comic strips such as Blondie and Flash Gordon. Because these were intended for children who might find it hard to pronounce "decalcomania", they were marketed as "cockamamies". The word "cockamamie" has since entered the language as a slang word meaning something that is unusual, strange or vaguely wacky.


Flintstones cockamamies, which were dampened then applied to skin
as a sort of tattoo.
Source: http://johnkstuff.blogspot.ca/2010/11/yearning-for-cockamamies.html


A version of décalcomanie was adopted by the Surrealists, beginning with artist Óscar Domínguez in 1936. Domínguez originally used black gouache, spread thinly on paper or glass, then applied to canvas or another support. Other Surrealist artists, such as Max Ernst, Hans Bellmer and Remedios Varo also used the technique. One of the more popular variations on the original technique involved spreading thick paint on a canvas, laying foil or paper over the surface to remove or manipulate the paint, then removing the foil or paper. Whatever remained on the canvas was what you had to work with.


Untitled, 1936–1937
Óscar Domínguez (1906–1957)
The Joan and Lester Avnet Collection, MOMA, New York
Source: http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=33503


For today's elephant, I decided to try the original Surrealist version, by spreading paint on glass, then placing paper over the top to see what transferred. I decided to start with black, as Domínguez did, deciding that I would try colour if the first attempt went well enough.

Of course I just happen to have a few cakes of good-quality poster paint, or gouache, in various colours, so I began with those, keeping my acrylics close by, just in case.




For my paint surface, I used a sheet of glass, and for my support, I used inexpensive sketchpad paper.

I started by painting an elephant shape on the glass with the black gouache. Since this is an Elephant a Day, and not an Indiscernible Blob a Day, I tried to make a reasonable-looking elephant, because I figured the paint would spread. I glopped on the paint fairly thickly, but gouache isn't really a full-bodied paint, and it dries fast.




I had the forethought to have paper ready, so I laid it on top of the glass quickly, and peeled it back to make the print below.




I noticed two things with this first print: it doesn't print everywhere, and the paint spreads—although not as much as I'd expected.

I decided to try another one with black gouache, this time using a little less paint.





The printing of this was pretty faint, but I was kind of interested in the pattern made by the paint left behind on the glass.




I decided to try one more with gouache, this time in blue.







I decided to try acrylic paint next, to see if I would get a thicker imprint. I started with purple.







I liked the saturation better with acrylic. It also makes a different kind of paint pattern than the gouache, as you can see in the two photographs below. The blue is thick gouache; the purple is thick acrylic.





I tried a few more acrylic colours after this. First came green.





Then red.






Then black.





And one more in black to finish up.





This was very easy, and didn't take long at all. The most time-consuming part was rinsing and drying the sheet of glass in between each print. You have to work relatively quickly with this technique, because both types of paint dry within minutes, making it more difficult to get a good print if you wait. The paint spread less than I expected, but this may also have been a function of my being careful not to smush the paper around.

I'm still quite taken with the glass versions—almost more than the paper prints—so I may try this again, just to get the glass impressions.








Elephant Lore of the Day
In early 2011, researchers decided to test the intelligence and problem-solving capacity of elephants, as well as their ability to cooperate.

The test was relatively straightforward. Based on a 1930s experiment used with primates, Joshua Plotnik and a team of colleagues set up a sliding table holding bowls of corn. The table was located on the opposite side of a volleyball net from a pair of elephants, and rope was tied around the table legs in such a way that the table would only move if two elephants worked in tandem, pulling on two separate rope ends at the same time.

Twelve male and female elephants at the Thai Elephant Conservation Centre in Lampang, Thailand took part in the test. Approaching the table one at a time in separate roped-off lanes, the elephants learned very quickly that the task could not be completed by an elephant working alone. The elephants would wait as long as 45 seconds for a partner elephant to arrive. If the researchers didn't release the second elephant right away, the first one usually looked around, as though to say, "It takes two to get the corn, buddy."


Two elephants engaged in the corn-and-table experiment, Lampang, Thailand.
Photo: Joshua Plotnik
Source: http://news.discovery.com/animals/zooms/elephants-intelligence-test-110307.html


In most cases, the elephants figured out how to work together in order to pull the table forward and get the corn. There were even a couple of elephants who managed to outsmart the researchers—and sometimes even other elephants. The youngest elephant in the study, Neua Un, used her foot to hold the rope so that her partner had to do all the work. She appeared to figure this trick out by chance, but once she had learned it, she stuck to it. Another elephant, named JoJo, refused to even walk up to the volleyball net and table unless his partner Wanalee was released at the same time, having seemingly learned that there was no point trying to get the corn on his own.

Animal experts have applauded the research and the window it provides into the psyche of what one source calls "this socially sophisticated species." Although many other animals engage in teamwork, elephants seem to have a deeper understanding of cooperation and mutual benefit—as well as how to avoid unnecessary labour.

To see a video of the test in action, click here.